Calculators

Four small calculators, each built on figures from a named source. Nothing is stored, nothing is sent anywhere, and they work without an account.

Dog age in human years

The old rule of multiplying by seven does not hold. A dog's first year counts for far more than its tenth, and a large breed ages faster than a small one, so size has to be part of the answer.

The method, the breed-size differences and the research behind them are explained in how a dog's age compares with ours.

Cat age in human years

Cats follow a steadier curve than dogs, and breed size barely changes it. The first two years carry most of the difference.

The full chart, year by year, is in the cat age chart.

Kitchen converter

Cups, tablespoons, teaspoons, grams, ounces and millilitres. Flour, sugar and butter each weigh a different amount per cup, so the conversion depends on what is being measured.

Why a cup of flour is not a fixed weight, and how to measure it so a recipe comes out the same twice, is covered in cups, tablespoons and grams.

Recipe scaler

Multiplying every quantity by the same number works for most ingredients and fails for a few. Pan size, baking time and salt do not scale in a straight line.

What scales cleanly and what does not is set out in the same article on kitchen measurement.